A Street

The Letter A

A St.        “Do you know what A means, little Piglet? . . .  It means  Learning, it means Education, it means  all the things that you and Pooh haven’t got.” said by Christopher Robin in  The World of Pooh by A.A. Milne. January 18 is now known as Winnie-the-Pooh Day as it was Milne's birthday. His son, Christopher Robin Milne, who had to endure the taunts of schoolyard bullies, should have his own day, That day would be August 21. Christopher was a successful bookseller so perhaps his birthday could be celebrated by book store owners. A is for Airplane is a children’s picture book by Mary Ann McCabe and published in 2009. It is part of the Alphabet Series. The book has fascinating details of aviation history which even older children could find interesting. A history of the Tuskegee Airmen is included.

Abell St. Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature (ABELL) is a bibliography pertaining to the English lexicon and its literature and is available on the proquest.com website. There appears to be a trial option which implies a payment requirement. George Ogden Abell (1927–1983) was an astronomer at UCLA. His best known work was his catalogue of clusters of galaxies collected during the Palomar Sky Survey. Abel's Island, is a children's novel written and illustrated by William Steig (1907-2003). It won a Newbery Honor. Steig also wrote Shrek! on which the movie, Shrek, is based. The title of Abel's Island is spelled differently than the street but it merits a mention in this book as it was one of the first children’s  books which this author read aloud in his classroom and for which he  retains a special affection.

Acker St. Many thanks to The Street Where You Live by Donald Empson for the information that the street was named for Captain William H. Acker (1833-1862). He was the only Minnesota soldier killed at the Battle of Shiloh, which occurred on April 6-7, 1862. His remains were returned to Minnesota for burial. He was buried in Oakland Cemetery on Jackson Street. A rededication ceremony was held in 2012 by the  Minnesota Civil War Commemoration Task Force. Muskets and Memories: A Modern Man's Journey Through the Civil War was written by veteran Civil War reenactor and historian, Jeffrey Williams, and published in 2013.

Ada St. Alma Flor Ada (born in Cuba in 1938) is a children’s literature author writing in Spanish and English. Gathering the Sun: An Alphabet In Spanish And English, published in 2001 is one of her many books. Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (1815 –1852), born Augusta Ada Byron and now commonly known as Ada Lovelace, was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. Her notes on the engine include what is recognized as the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine. Because of this, she is often described as the world's first computer programmer. (from Wikipedia) She was also the daughter of the poet, Lord Byron, and the only one of his children  which he acknowledged as his child. Her mother, Anne Byron, tried to keep her away from her father as he had separated from his wife,  in a particularly caddish manner,  a month after Ada was born. Anne Byron remained bitter towards him and steered her daughter to mathematics as a way of keeping poetry from corrupting her. “Caddish” would be a polite way of describing Lord Byron's behavior towards women. The poem, "Kublai Khan; or, A Vision in a Dream: A Fragment" written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834), was published in 1816. Coleridge writes in the prologue that his dream was interrupted by a “person from Porlock.” Coleridge was friends with Lord Byron and even though Ada Lovelace remained fond of her father there is a very speculative story that the “person from Porlock” was Ada. The idea being that she was trying to stop the poem from being written in support of her mother’s dislike for poets. There is no evidence for this but it makes a good story. It seems more likely that it would have been her mother. The first stanza of the poem follows:  In Xanadu did Kublai Khan A stately Pleasure-Dome decree, Where Alph, the sacred river ran Through caverns measureless to man Down to a sunless sea.

Adrian St. Adrian Albert Mole is the main character in a series of young adult  books by the British writer, Sue Townsend (1946-2014). The series begins with The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13¾ (published in 1982). The character is not a mole. Adrian keeps a diary which most middle schoolers will find very interesting.

Agate St. In 1969 the Lake Superior agate was designated by the Minnesota Legislature as the official state gemstone. Thanks to Don Empson’s book for reminding this author. Empson  comments that the intersection of Agate and Granite Streets “is a hard place to find.” Lake Superior Agates Field Guide is by Dan R. Lynch & Bob Lynch and published in 2012. Agate: What Good Is a Moose? is a young children’s book by Joy Morgan Dey & Nikki Johnson focusing on character building.

Agnes Ave. Agnes Grey is Anne Bronte's (1820-1849) story about a governess, similar to her sister Charlotte Bronte’s  (1816-1855) novel, Jane Eyre.

Aguirre St. Mirta Aguirre (1912-1980) was a Cuban poet, novelist, journalist and political activist. She has been called "the most important female academic and woman of letters in post-revolutionary Cuba".

Aida Pl. Don Empson’s book tells us that the street was named for Aida Tedesco, the mother of Victor Tedesco (born 1922), a Saint Paul park commissioner and city council member. Aida is a children’s picture book by  Leontyne Price. Leontyne Price (born 1927),  was one of the first African Americans to become a leading artist at the Metropolitan Opera. She retells the famous opera by Verdi  in a book illustrated by Leo (1933-2012) & Diane Dillon (born 1933).

Airport Rd. Airport (published 1987) is a children’s picture book by Byron Barton and shows  all the wonders of an airport.

Alabama St. Alabama Moon (published 2006) is a young adult book by Watt Key. It tells the story of  ten-year-old Moon Blake who lives with his “Pap,” a paranoid anti-government war veteran. In 2015,  TIME Magazine listed it as one of the top 100 young-adult books of all time.

Alameda St. Virginia Lee Burton (1909 – 1968) was an illustrator and children's book author. She wrote The Little House (1943), which won the Caldecott Medal. She lived in Alameda, California. Margaret Craig McNamara (1915 – 1981) was the founder of the nonprofit children's literacy organization Reading is Fundamental. She grew up in Alameda, California. She was the wife of the United States Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara.

Alaska Ave. Looking for Alaska is a young adult novel by John Green, published in 2005.

Albany Ave. Louis Slobodkin (1903 – 1975) was an American sculptor, writer, and illustrator of numerous children's books. He  was born in Albany, New York. In 1944, he won the Caldecott Medal for illustrating Many Moons, written by James Thurber (1894-1961).

Albemarle St. The Hemingses of Monticello : An American Family by Annette Gordon-Reed  (born 1958) recounts the history of four generations of the African-American Hemings family, from their African and Virginia origins until the 1826 death of Thomas Jefferson, their master, Sally Hemings' partner, and the father of her children. Annette Gordon-Reed  won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 2009 for her work on the Hemings’ family. She is the first African American author to be awarded the prize for history. Thomas Jefferson’s home, Monticello, is in Albemarle County, Virginia, which is also the source of the street's name.

Albert St. Don Empson’s book tells us that the street is named for Prince Albert (1819-1861) of Queen Victoria fame. There are numerous books about him and them. Take your pick. He is also connected with a tobacco container. Speaking of tobacco, here’s one of the most depressing books this author has ever read: Tobacco Road. It’s a 1932 novel by Erskine Caldwell (1903 – 1987) about white Georgia sharecroppers. The Tobacco Road in question is just outside the city limits of Augusta, Georgia, where this author’s parents lived for almost 40 years. Caldwell was a strong supporter of eugenics which means forced sterilization, an issue which this author is most definitely not in favor. Here’s another Albert: Susan Wittig Albert, also known by the pen names Robin Paige and Carolyn Keene is an American mystery writer. She writes adult mystery novels centered around the use of herbs. She has also written several of the Nancy Drew mysteries under the Carolyn Keene syndicated pen name. She is the author of A Wilder Rose (published 2013). It is a biographical  story of Rose Wilder Lane, who made her mother (Laura Ingalls Wilder) into a famous literary figure.

Albion Ave. Albion is the oldest known name of the island of Great Britain.   The Paradise War: Song of Albion, Book One (also simply known as The Paradise War) (published 1991) is a fantasy novel published by Zondervan, the first book in the Song of Albion trilogy series by Stephen Lawhead (born 1950).

Alcove St. The “Children’s Alcove” is a special room in the library of Hollins University, Roanoke, Virginia. The room houses the library’s collection of scholarly work on children’s literature. For those readers who want to experience a truly great children’s literature collection, go to the University of Minnesota and ask for directions to the Kerlan Collection. Bring your child or just any child. If there were a list of 1000 children’s literature experiences to experience then this is at the top.

Aldine St. Don Empson’s book tells us that the street may refer to the Aldine Press which was the printing office started by Aldus Manutius in 1494 in Venice, Italy. He also began the handwriting style called Italic. Italic handwriting is still being taught in schools (not Saint Paul, sadly),  thanks to  Barbara Getty and Inga Dubay. They founded the Getty-Dubay Productions based in  Portland, Oregon. Their press sells italic handwriting books for elementary schools. They use the system of italic handwriting that was developed for modern use by Lloyd J. Reynolds (1902-1978). Reynolds was a calligrapher and professor at Reed College (1929-1969) who taught classes on creative writing, art, and calligraphy. Of note to Apple computer users, Steve Jobs took Reynolds’ class on calligraphy and was mentioned by him as being an inspiration for him when designing the interface for the Apple computer. In the movie about Jobs the professor that is mentioned as the one Jobs sat in on for calligraphy is not Reynolds. The movie has a character mention the professor's name as Pallidino. He was the successor to Reynolds who had retired to take care of his sick wife. Pallidino was a part-time professor (and full-time monk) and did not attend faculty meetings. Without Reynolds to advocate for the calligraphy program it was soon disbanded by other professors who thought calligraphy was not an academic subject. Of note to people interested in advocacy for people with developmental disabilities, Reynolds was active in Portland in programs for  promoting friendship groups for all people. He wrote his own legend of Saint Christopher as a way of expressing his friendship with a young man (also named Christopher) with developmental disabilities, How Little Columbo Grew Up to Become St. Christopher: A Legend.  Reynolds was born in Bemidji, Minnesota. This author would like to mention that he owns a copy of everything Lloyd Reynolds ever published, including art-work and poetry.

Algonquin Ave. The Algonquins are Native Canadian inhabitants of North Amerca. They call themselves Omamiwinini. Algonquin Legends was published in 2012 by Charles Leland. It is a collection of the myth and legends of the Algonquin  people. The Algonquin Round Table was a celebrated group of New York City writers, critics and actors. Gathered initially as part of a practical joke, members of "The Vicious Circle", as they called themselves, met for lunch each day at the Algonquin Hotel from 1919 until roughly 1929. Dorothy Parker was a member of the Round Table. Here is one of her poems. One Perfect Rose: A single flow'r he sent me, since we met. All tenderly his messenger he chose; Deep-hearted, pure, with scented dew still wet - One perfect rose. I knew the language of the floweret; 'My fragile leaves,' it said, 'his heart enclose.' Love long has taken for his amulet One perfect rose. Why is it no one ever sent me yet One perfect limousine, do you suppose? Ah no, it's always just my luck to get One perfect rose.      Dorothy Parker died in 1967. She had no heirs but was a strong supporter of social justice causes. She left her estate to Martin Luther King even though she had never met him. The will stipulated that when King died the estate would go the National Association for Colored People. Her ashes were eventually interred at the NAACP headquarters in Baltimore. The NAACP moved its headquarters to Washington, D.C., in the 1980's. This writer can find no evidence that the ashes went with them.

Alice St. Don Empson tells us that the street is named for Alice Dawson, the daughter of William Dawson, mayor of Saint Paul from 1878 to 1881. Dawson was the first Irish mayor of Saint Paul. However, he does not seem to make it into the book, Irish in Minnesota by Ann Regan with a foreword by Minnesota poet (and of Icelandic heritage) Bill Holm (1943 – 2009). Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is an 1865 novel written by Lewis Carroll (1832– 1898). The poems in the book are parodies of earlier poems by other people which were called “moralizing poems.” Here is a comparison: How Doth the Little Crocodile by Lewis Carroll How doth the little crocodile Improve his shining tail, And pour the waters of the Nile On every shing scale! How cheerfully he seems to grin How neatly he spreads his claws, And welcomes little fishes in, With gently smiling jaws! Compare that with the first two stanzas of Isaac Watts’  (1674 – 1748) poem, Against Idleness and Mischief: How doth the little busy bee Improve each shining hour, And gather honey all the day From every opening flower! How skillfully she builds her cell! How neat she spreads the wax! And labours hard to store it well With the sweet food she makes.

Almond Ave. David Almond (born 1951) is a British author of children’s and young-adult books. He is one of only thirty authors who have been awarded the  Hans Christian Andersen Award.

Alton St. Alton Augustus Adams, Sr. (1889 - 1987) is remembered as the first African-American bandmaster in the United States Navy (beginning 1917). His memoirs were published in  2008, The Memoirs of Alton Augustus Adams, Sr.: First Black Bandmaster of the United States Navy, edited by Mark Clague. Derek Alton Walcott, (born 1930) is a Saint Lucian poet and playwright. He received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Ames Ave. Stuart Little is a 1945 children's novel by E. B. White (1899-1985). Stuart is a mouse born to human parents in New York. Stuart works as a substitute teacher in Ames Crossing in which, of course, lives Harriet Ames.

Amherst St. The Eric Carle Museum of Picture Book Art is the first full-scale museum in this country devoted to national and international picture book art. The Carle is located in Amherst, Massachusetts, which is the odonym of the street. Eric Carle (born 1929) is an American designer, illustrator, and writer of children's books. Many of us are very familiar with his very  hungry caterpillar and other assorted animals. Amherst  is also the historical  home of poet Emily  Dickinson (1830-1886). Here is one of her poems: Hope is the thing with feathers   That perches in the soul,   And sings the tune without the words,   And never stops at all,      And sweetest in the gale is heard;           And sore must be the storm   That could abash the little bird   That kept so many warm.      I’ve heard it in the chillest land,   And on the strangest sea;          Yet, never, in extremity,   It asked a crumb of me. Emily’s closest living relative is Elizabeth Dickenson who lives in Saint Paul. Elizabeth ran for mayor of Saint Paul in 2005 on the Green Party ticket. This author is proud to say that he helped on the campaign primarily by doorknocking which is  not as fun as it sounds. Elizabeth has recorded a CD of Emily’s letters entitled My Letter to the World. It is available from   Essay Audio, P.O. Box 120442,  St. Paul, MN 55112-0018. You can also try their email: sbeyers@bigsite.net.

Andrew St. Andrew Lang (1844-1912) was one of the most famous literary critics around 1900. He also edited a series of children's fable books.

Anita St. Anita Lobel (born 1934) is a Polish-American illustrator of children's books, including On Market Street, which won a Caldecott Honor for illustrations.

Ann Arbor St. Carl R. Proffer (1938–1984) was an American publisher, scholar, professor, and translator of Russian literature. He was the co-founder (with Ellendea Proffer) of Ardis Publishing in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the largest publishing house devoted to Russian literature outside of what was, at that time,the Soviet Union. Jane Kenyon (1947 – 1995) was an American poet and translator. She was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She was married to the poet, Donald Hall (1928-2018), who wrote the children’s picture book, The Ox-Cart Man (published 1979). Kenyon’s most well-known poem might be Let Evening Come. Here is the poem: Let the light of late afternoon shine through chinks in the barn, moving    up the bales as the sun moves down. Let the cricket take up chafing    as a woman takes up her needles    and her yarn. Let evening come. Let dew collect on the hoe abandoned    in long grass. Let the stars appear and the moon disclose her silver horn. Let the fox go back to its sandy den.    Let the wind die down. Let the shed    go black inside. Let evening come. To the bottle in the ditch, to the scoop    in the oats, to air in the lung    let evening come. Let it come, as it will, and don’t    be afraid. God does not leave us    comfortless, so let evening come.

Ann St. Ann Matthews Martin (born 1955) is the author of The Baby-Sitters Club series.

Annapolis St. Francis Scott Key (1779-1843),  who wrote the lyrics in 1814 to the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner,” graduated from St. John’s College in Annapolis, Maryland. Minnesota author, F. Scott Fitzgerald was named for him as the two are  second cousins, three times removed. Here is the first stanza of the anthem: O say can you see by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there; O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave, O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? There has been a practice lately of expressing concern over the treatment of African Americans by kneeling during the playing of the national anthem. There has also been some criticism of this practice. This author would like to point out that there is no point in defending freedom of speech if there isn't anyone practicing freedom of speech. He would also like to point out his own opinion of anthem etiquette: Even though the 1923 Flag Code says non-military personnel should place their hand over their heart, the author believes that  hand-over-heart action should be reserved for saying the pledge of allegiance. There is nothing being pledged in the national anthem. Thankfully, this author has President Barack Obama on his side. President Obama also did not place his hand over his heart at his 2008 inauguration. He said later that his grandmother taught him to place his hand over his heart for the pledge and to sing the national anthem.  Those readers of an age to remember 1968 will remember the Summer Olympics in Mexico City. American runners Tommie Smith and John Carlos were on the podium after winning gold and bronze in the 200 meter running event. When the U.S. National Anthem was played they each raised a black-gloved fist and bowed their heads. The silver medalist was Australian Peter Norman. If you look closely at the famous photograph of the event you will notice all three men are wearing the same patch on their jacket. That was the patch of the Olympic Project for Human Rights. Smith and Carlos had told Norman of their plans beforehand and Norman expressed a desire to support the action. You can read more in Silent Gesture: The Autobiography of Tommie Smith by Tommie Smith and published in 2008. You can also read The John Carlos Story: The Sports Moment That Changed the World by Dave Zinn and published in 2013. For one of the most powerful commentaries ever on the  National Anthem go to Youtube and search for  "Jimi Hendrix at Woodstock in 1969." Freedom of speech at its best!

Arbor St. Arbor Day  is a holiday in which individuals and groups are encouraged to plant and care for trees. National Arbor Day is celebrated every year on the last Friday in April. You can celebrate any day with a hike and this book: 50 Hikes In Minnesota: Day Hikes From Forest To Prairie To River Bluff by Gwen Ruff & Ben Woit and published in 2005.

Arcade St. My Path leads to Tibet: The Inspiring Story of How One Young Blind Woman Brought Hope to the Blind Children of Tibet is a book written by Sabriye Tenberken (born 1970) and published in 2004 by Arcade Publishing. Tenberken is the co-founder of Braille Without Borders, an organization working to provide Braille books in developing countries. She is telling her own story of her work in Tibet.

Arch St. E. Robert Fitzroy 'Roy' Foster, (born 1949), is an Irish historian and academic. He is the author of W. B. Yeats - A Life, II: The Arch-Poet 1915-1939.

Argyle St. Argyle is a  pattern found in knitting. World Wide Knit in Public Day was started in 2005 by Danielle Landes and takes place on the second Saturday of June each year. It began as a way for knitters to come together and enjoy each other's company. If you go to the GoodReads website and search for Knitlit you will find a fascinating list of books dealing with knitting. Who knew?

Arkwright St Darwen Arkwright and the Peregrine Pact (published 2011) is a young adult mystery-themed book by A. J. Hartley. The street was named for Sir Richard Arkwright (1732-1792) of England. Wikipedia refers to him as "the father of the Industrial Revolution." Here's a book for children about that: The Industrial Revolution for Kids: The People and Technology That Changed the World, with 21 Activities by Cheryl Mullenbach and published in 2014.  She is also the author of Double Victory: How African American Women broke Race and Gender Barriers to Help Win World War II.

Arlington Ave. Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869 – 1935) was an American poet who won three Pulitzer Prizes for his work. His most well-known poem might be the following: Miniver Cheevy, child of scorn,    Grew lean while he assailed the seasons; He wept that he was ever born,    And he had reasons. Miniver loved the days of old    When swords were bright and steeds were prancing; The vision of a warrior bold    Would set him dancing. Miniver sighed for what was not,    And dreamed, and rested from his labors; He dreamed of Thebes and Camelot,    And Priam’s neighbors. Miniver mourned the ripe renown    That made so many a name so fragrant; He mourned Romance, now on the town,    And Art, a vagrant. Miniver loved the Medici,    Albeit he had never seen one; He would have sinned incessantly    Could he have been one. Miniver cursed the commonplace    And eyed a khaki suit with loathing; He missed the mediæval grace    Of iron clothing. Miniver scorned the gold he sought,    But sore annoyed was he without it; Miniver thought, and thought, and thought,    And thought about it. Miniver Cheevy, born too late,    Scratched his head and kept on thinking; Miniver coughed, and called it fate,    And kept on drinking.

Armstrong Ave. Armstrong Wells Sperry (1897 – 1976) was an American writer and illustrator of children's literature. He is best known for his 1941 Newbery Medal-winning book Call It Courage. William Armstrong  (1911-1999) was an  American author.  His most well-known novel is Sounder, which won both the Newbery Medal and the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award. He wrote two sequels to that story, Sour Land (1971) and The MacLeod Place (1972).

Arona St. Arona Michaelear Grinogion Vamist is a “middle-aged, balding campaigner for traditional magic.” He is a character in the  Enchanted Forest Chronicles, a series of four young adult fantasy novels by Patricia C. Wrede (born 1953).

Arundel St. Don Empson’s book tells us that the street was named for Anne Arundel County in Maryland, which was the native state of Charles Mackubin who named it in 1855. This author can find no information on Charles but plenty on  himself as he lived in Anne Arundel County as a young boy and spent several lovely years living on the Chesapeake Bay. Another, perhaps more prominent, resident of Anne Arundel County was Johns Hopkins (1795 – 1873) who provided the money for Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. That hospital figures large in the fascinating story of Henrietta Lacks (1920 – 1951). Her story is told in The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot published in 2011. If you are in the medical field you probably know of her as HeLa. If cancer has ever made your acquaintance and you are still alive then you will want to read this book. John Milton (1608-1674), was a 17th century poet most famous for writing Paradise Lost. He belonged to a group called the Arundel poets, so-called because they lived in the Arundel area of West Sussex, England. Leonard Black (1820-1883) was born a slave in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and was separated from his family by the age of six. He escaped after 20 years of slavery. In 1847 he wrote The Life and Sufferings of Leonard Black: A Fugitive from Slavery. He became a Baptist minister, preaching in Boston, Providence and Nantucket. “An Arundel Tomb” is a poem by Philip Larkin (1922-1985). The first stanza follows: Side by side, their faces blurred, The earl and countess lie in stone, Their proper habits vaguely shown As jointed armour, stiffened pleat, And that faint hint of the absurd - The little dogs under their feet.

Asbury St. Stephen Crane (1871–1900), the author of “The Red Badge of Courage”  lived at 508 Fourth Avenue in Asbury Park, New Jersey,  for a large part of his short life.

Ashland Ave. Oregon Shakespeare Festival is a cultural event that has been running in Ashland, Oregon, since 1935. Senator Paul and Sheila Wellstone were living at 455 Ashland. Ave. when they died in a plane crash in 2002. Becoming Wellstone: Healing From Tragedy and Carrying On My Father's Legacy is by Paul David Wellstone Jr. and published in 2012.

Atlantic St. Night Flight: Amelia Earhart Crosses the Atlantic (published 2011), by Robert Burleigh, is a children’s book non-fiction account of Earhart’s first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean.

Atty St. Atty is a nickname for Atticus as in Atticus Finch, the father/lawyer in Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill A Mockingbird.

Atwater St. Richard and Florence Atwater co-authored the children's book Mr. Popper's Penguins, which won the 1939 Newbery Honor Award.

Aurora Ave. Aurora Leigh (published 1856) is  Elizabeth Barrett Browning's (1806-1861) epic novel in blank verse. It tells the story of the making of a woman poet, exploring 'the woman question', art and its relation to politics and social oppression. (wikipedia)

Avon St. William Shakespeare (1564 -1616) was often called the "Bard of Avon." as his birthplace was Stratford-on-Avon in England.

Ayd Mill Rd. Originally known as the Short Line Road, it was renamed in 1993 for John Ayd, a German settler who maintained a mill and residence in the area in the mid-to-late 19th century. There do not seem to be any books dealing with his life; however, Don Empson tells us that he (Empson) wrote a history of the mill and property which was published in Ramsey County History, Fall 1974.